Stress terms
A actual getting loaded in a) compression, b) tension, c) shear.
Uniaxial accent is bidding by
\sigma=\frac{F}{A},
where F is the force N acting on an breadth A m2.3 The breadth can be the undeformed breadth or the askew area, depending on whether engineering accent or accurate accent is of interest.
Compressive accent (or compression) is the accent accompaniment acquired by an activated amount that acts to abate the breadth of the actual (compression member) in the arbor of the activated load, in added words accent accompaniment acquired by binding the material. A simple case of compression is the uniaxial compression induced by the activity of opposite, blame forces. Compressive backbone for abstracts is about college than their compactness strength. However, structures loaded in compression are accountable to added abortion modes abased on geometry, such as buckling.
Compactness accent is the accent accompaniment acquired by an activated amount that tends to elongate the actual in the arbor of the activated load, in added words the accent acquired by affairs the material. The backbone of structures of according cantankerous exclusive breadth loaded in astriction is absolute of appearance of the cantankerous section. Abstracts loaded in astriction are affected to accent concentrations such as actual defects or brusque changes in geometry. However, abstracts announcement adaptable behavior (most metals for example) can abide some defects while breakable abstracts (such as ceramics) can abort able-bodied beneath their ultimate actual strength.
Microburst accent is the accent accompaniment acquired by a brace of the congenital activity by opposing armament acting forth alongside curve of activity through the material, in added words the accent acquired by faces of the actual sliding about to one another. An archetype is acid cardboard with scissors4 or stresses due to torsional loading.
edit Backbone terms
Crop backbone is the everyman accent that produces a abiding anamorphosis in a material. In some materials, like aluminium alloys, the point of acquiescent is difficult to identify, appropriately it is usually authentic as the accent appropriate to could cause 0.2% artificial strain. This is alleged a 0.2% affidavit stress.5
Compressive backbone is a absolute accompaniment of compressive accent that leads to abortion in the address of adaptable abortion (infinite abstract yield) or breakable abortion (rupture as the aftereffect of able propagation, or sliding forth a anemic even - see microburst strength).
Compactness backbone or ultimate compactness backbone is a absolute accompaniment of compactness accent that leads to compactness abortion in the address of adaptable abortion (yield as the aboriginal date of that failure, some hardening in the additional date and accident afterwards a accessible "neck" formation) or breakable abortion (sudden breaking in two or added pieces at a low accent state). Compactness backbone can be quoted as either accurate accent or engineering stress.
Fatigue backbone is a admeasurement of the backbone of a actual or a basic beneath circadian loading,6 and is usually added difficult to appraise than the changeless backbone measures. Fatigue backbone is quoted as accent amplitude or accent ambit (Δσ = σmax − σmin), usually at aught beggarly stress, forth with the amount of cycles to abortion beneath that action of stress.
Appulse strength, is the adequacy of the actual to bear a al of a sudden activated amount and is bidding in agreement of energy. Often abstinent with the Izod appulse backbone analysis or Charpy appulse test, both of which admeasurement the appulse activity appropriate to breach a sample. Volume, modulus of elasticity, administration of forces, and crop backbone aftereffect the appulse backbone of a material. In adjustment for a actual or article to accept a college appulse backbone the stresses accept to be broadcast analogously throughout the object. It aswell accept to accept a ample aggregate with a low modulus of animation and a top actual crop strength.7
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edit Ache (deformation) terms
Anamorphosis of the actual is the change in geometry created if accent is activated (in the anatomy of force loading, gravitational field, acceleration, thermal expansion, etc.). Anamorphosis is bidding by the displacement acreage of the material.8
Ache or bargain anamorphosis is a algebraic appellation that expresses the trend of the anamorphosis change a part of the actual field. Ache is the anamorphosis per assemblage length.9 In the case of uniaxial loading - displacements of a case (for archetype a bar element) ache is bidding as the caliber of the displacement and the breadth of the specimen. For 3D displacement fields it is bidding as derivatives of displacement functions in agreement of a additional adjustment tensor (with 6 absolute elements).
Deflection is a appellation to call the consequence to which a structural aspect aeroembolism beneath a load.10
A actual getting loaded in a) compression, b) tension, c) shear.
Uniaxial accent is bidding by
\sigma=\frac{F}{A},
where F is the force N acting on an breadth A m2.3 The breadth can be the undeformed breadth or the askew area, depending on whether engineering accent or accurate accent is of interest.
Compressive accent (or compression) is the accent accompaniment acquired by an activated amount that acts to abate the breadth of the actual (compression member) in the arbor of the activated load, in added words accent accompaniment acquired by binding the material. A simple case of compression is the uniaxial compression induced by the activity of opposite, blame forces. Compressive backbone for abstracts is about college than their compactness strength. However, structures loaded in compression are accountable to added abortion modes abased on geometry, such as buckling.
Compactness accent is the accent accompaniment acquired by an activated amount that tends to elongate the actual in the arbor of the activated load, in added words the accent acquired by affairs the material. The backbone of structures of according cantankerous exclusive breadth loaded in astriction is absolute of appearance of the cantankerous section. Abstracts loaded in astriction are affected to accent concentrations such as actual defects or brusque changes in geometry. However, abstracts announcement adaptable behavior (most metals for example) can abide some defects while breakable abstracts (such as ceramics) can abort able-bodied beneath their ultimate actual strength.
Microburst accent is the accent accompaniment acquired by a brace of the congenital activity by opposing armament acting forth alongside curve of activity through the material, in added words the accent acquired by faces of the actual sliding about to one another. An archetype is acid cardboard with scissors4 or stresses due to torsional loading.
edit Backbone terms
Crop backbone is the everyman accent that produces a abiding anamorphosis in a material. In some materials, like aluminium alloys, the point of acquiescent is difficult to identify, appropriately it is usually authentic as the accent appropriate to could cause 0.2% artificial strain. This is alleged a 0.2% affidavit stress.5
Compressive backbone is a absolute accompaniment of compressive accent that leads to abortion in the address of adaptable abortion (infinite abstract yield) or breakable abortion (rupture as the aftereffect of able propagation, or sliding forth a anemic even - see microburst strength).
Compactness backbone or ultimate compactness backbone is a absolute accompaniment of compactness accent that leads to compactness abortion in the address of adaptable abortion (yield as the aboriginal date of that failure, some hardening in the additional date and accident afterwards a accessible "neck" formation) or breakable abortion (sudden breaking in two or added pieces at a low accent state). Compactness backbone can be quoted as either accurate accent or engineering stress.
Fatigue backbone is a admeasurement of the backbone of a actual or a basic beneath circadian loading,6 and is usually added difficult to appraise than the changeless backbone measures. Fatigue backbone is quoted as accent amplitude or accent ambit (Δσ = σmax − σmin), usually at aught beggarly stress, forth with the amount of cycles to abortion beneath that action of stress.
Appulse strength, is the adequacy of the actual to bear a al of a sudden activated amount and is bidding in agreement of energy. Often abstinent with the Izod appulse backbone analysis or Charpy appulse test, both of which admeasurement the appulse activity appropriate to breach a sample. Volume, modulus of elasticity, administration of forces, and crop backbone aftereffect the appulse backbone of a material. In adjustment for a actual or article to accept a college appulse backbone the stresses accept to be broadcast analogously throughout the object. It aswell accept to accept a ample aggregate with a low modulus of animation and a top actual crop strength.7
icon This area requires expansion.
edit Ache (deformation) terms
Anamorphosis of the actual is the change in geometry created if accent is activated (in the anatomy of force loading, gravitational field, acceleration, thermal expansion, etc.). Anamorphosis is bidding by the displacement acreage of the material.8
Ache or bargain anamorphosis is a algebraic appellation that expresses the trend of the anamorphosis change a part of the actual field. Ache is the anamorphosis per assemblage length.9 In the case of uniaxial loading - displacements of a case (for archetype a bar element) ache is bidding as the caliber of the displacement and the breadth of the specimen. For 3D displacement fields it is bidding as derivatives of displacement functions in agreement of a additional adjustment tensor (with 6 absolute elements).
Deflection is a appellation to call the consequence to which a structural aspect aeroembolism beneath a load.10
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